What Causes Periodontal Diseases?

Periodontal disease is caused by plaque — a thin, colorless, sticky film containing bacteria, which constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria use carbohydrates — sugars and starches — to produce an acid that attacks the enamel covering the teeth. After repeated acid attacks, the enamel can be broken down and a cavity begins. Continued acid attacks eventually dissolve the enamel and penetrate the softer, inner layer of the tooth, where decay can spread rapidly throughout the tooth’s structure. Acid attacks begin immediately after every meal or snack and last about 20 to 30 minutes.